The science of logic has an ancient and long history that dates back to ancient times, when philosophers before Aristotle and Plato laid the foundations of traditional logic. It can be said that Aristotle is one of the most important philosophers in the history of logic, as he established the foundations of traditional logic and founded Aristotelian logic. Aristotelian logic is characterized by clarity and organization, and it helps develop critical and analytical thinking. Moreover, the science of logic has various applications in different fields such as philosophy, science, and mathematics. It is considered a tool for understanding reasoning and thought. Logic is concerned with studying the rules and laws that govern correct human thinking by using symbols and relationships to represent concepts and connections. As for formal logic, it focuses on the structure of reasoning, while material logic deals with the study of existence, essence, and the relationships between things. Keywords: Philosophy, Logic, Aristotle.