This study aimed to examine the relationship between neuroticism—as one of the Big Five personality traitsand depression among women attending mental health clinics, while also exploring the role of demographic factors such as age, educational level, and economic status. A descriptive correlational design was employed, and the sample consisted of (212) women purposively selected from beneficiaries of the Aisha Association for Woman and Child Protection in the Gaza Strip. Data were collected using the Big Five Personality Traits Scale (Arabic version by Mohamed Heba, 2011) to measure neuroticism, and the Mental Disorders Scale (developed by the researcher) to assess depression. The results indicated a positive and statistically significant correlation between neuroticism and depression, demonstrating that higher levels of neuroticism were associated with higher levels of depression. Regression analysis confirmed that neuroticism was a significant predictor of depression, even after controlling for demographic factors. Additional analyses showed that the association between neuroticism and depression was stronger among older women compared to younger ones. Women with lower educational levels reported higher depression scores related to neuroticism than those with university education. Furthermore, women facing poor economic conditions demonstrated the highest levels of depression, with neuroticism emerging as a stronger predictor in this group. These findings highlight the critical role of neuroticism as a risk factor for depression among women and suggest that demographic characteristics may exacerbate this relationship. The study underscores the importance of incorporating personality trait assessments into clinical evaluations and designing prevention and treatment programs that address individual differences based on age, education, and economic conditions.............. Keywords:............ Neuroticism, Depression, Big Five Personality Traits, Women, Gaza, Demographic Factors.