The archaeological cisterns are among the most important water structures invented by ancient humans to collect and store rainwater throughout the year, especially in arid and semi-arid environments that suffer from water scarcity. These cisterns represent a living testament to the ingenuity of ancient societies in water engineering, as they were designed in various shapes and sizes to suit the nature of the land and the needs of the population. The shapes of archaeological cisterns vary, including circular cisterns dug into the ground and those with vaulted roofs, partially constructed above the ground level. This study aims to examine some models of the archaeological cisterns discovered in the western part of Tripolitania in Libya, as one of the prominent material witnesses to the development of water storage systems and resource management in ancient times, specifically during the Roman period. This research seeks to shed light on the archaeological and architectural aspects of these structures in terms of their locations, construction techniques, materials, and functions, while attempting to link them to the historical and cultural context of the region. The researcher relied on field surveys, architectural documentation, and a comparative study of the cisterns discovered in the region. The findings reveal that these cisterns exhibit unique structural characteristics that reflect an advanced level of engineering knowledge. They also highlight the significance of water in shaping the urban and economic patterns of the three cities throughout different historical periods. Moreover, this study contributes to enriching the archaeological and architectural understanding of the Tripolitania region and emphasizes the necessity of preserving and restoring these structures due to their prominent historical and cultural value. Let me know if you'd like any adjustments or further assistance. Keywords: Water management in the Roman era, Roman urban water storage systems, ancient water installations, water architecture.