المجلة الدولية للعلوم والتقنية

Air traffic is integral part to modern air traffic management in aviation system. The available literature mainly focuses on commercial and operational aspects, and sees air traffic safety as taken for granted that can be applied regardless of the context. However, this view of air traffic safety and security is unsatisfactory when it comes to macro-level contextual factors that operate beyond the normative organizational level. The aims of this search was to explore the contextual factors that influence the safety and security of global air traffic and therefore the provision of air traffic services. This study followed a systematic literature review approach to address these factors. Nineteen papers were reviewed, evaluated and analysed in terms of their contexts, key characteristics, and their main findings. The search identified three factors: political, wars and unlawful activities, and state safety oversight. These range of factors can be categorized and operate at supra-organizational level to influence air traffic safety and security. This article draws particular attention to the impact of politics and macro-level contextual factors on the airspace safety and security especially in combated airspaces. The Practical implications of the findings adopted in this article provides a useful source for differentiating between various contextual factors and the extent to which they function. This could make it possible to manage these factors more effectively, to enhance the potential for different stakeholders mitigate local, regional, and international risks to airspace safety and security................ Keywords:.............. Airspace management; Air traffic safety; Air traffic security; Contextual factors; Air transport geography.