المجلة الدولية للعلوم والتقنية

In the last years of the past decade, countries raced in search of an alternative to fossil fuels (oil) due to the increase in prices and to save the environment from pollution, due to the acceleration of the collapse of the ecosystem the fear of increasing unrest in the regions of the oil-exporting countries. Therefore, biodiesel is considered one of the most important alternatives fuel, and it is one of the renewable energy sources that can give an important opportunity for the development of the agricultural sector. It is due to the abundance of waste cooking oils, and the easy refining them as clean and environmentally friendly fuels. In this research, the process of recycling waste cooking oils from restaurants having identified the specifics of modern and high quality method, that’s was conducted in several stages for the production of biodiesel. In the meantime, the research has also directed towards studying the chemical and physical properties of biodiesel and comparing them from several aspects with fossil fuels, especially its effect on diesel engines. Moreover, experiments were conducted on waste cooking oils to be recycled and treated in terms of purification, heating, and mixing materials in the best and cheapest ways to produce biodiesel. As a result, the properties of biodiesel are very close to those of fossil fuels (diesel), and it can also be used for diesel engines, also mixed with 50% of fossil fuels to Improved its specifications. Biodiesel blends 50% has been tested on diesel engines of agricultural machinery without any substantial modifications to be effective during operation. It has found that the density of biodiesel did not exceed 5% of the density of fossil diesel, and the percentage of harmful elements such as sulfur was much lower than that of fossil fuels, which amounted to 98%.