The Libyan desert occupies a strategic position between the Palearctic and Afrotropical regions and contains a mosaic of habitats—coastal lagoons, sabkhas, oases, and desert wadis—that may function as critical nodes along Afro-Eurasian migratory flyways. However, the specific ecological role of these habitats in supporting long-distance bird migration and sustaining regional biodiversity remains poorly documented. This study assessed a comprehensive assessment of the Libyan desert system in relation to migratory birds. This study assessed (i) map and classify key desert and wetland habitats used by migrants during spring and autumn passages and in wintering periods; (ii) quantify species richness, abundance, and functional groups of resident and migratory birds using standardised point counts and waterbird censuses; and (iii) analyse how habitat characteristics, water availability, vegetation structure, and human disturbance shape bird communities. Spatial analyses will integrate field data with existing ringing, tracking, and atlas information in order to place Libyan sites within wider Mediterranean–Sahel flyway networks. This study assessed include identifying priority areas for conservation, clarifying the contribution of Libyan habitats to the persistence of migratory populations, and highlighting the main anthropogenic pressures that threaten this role. The study aims to provide an ecological basis for national and regional policies concerned with wetland management, protected-area planning, and the conservation of migratory birds and their habitats................. Keywords: .............Migratory birds, Libyan desert, Afro-Eurasian flyways, wetlands and oases, stopover habitats, regional biodiversity, conservation planning.